The female reproductive organ of a flower is called an ovary ; it holds one or more egg cell-producing ovules. The ovary walls to grow into a soft, fleshy pericarp around the seeds, which forms the outer layer of a fruit. They are simple fruits , which form from a single ovary in a single flower.
Because their pericarp is soft all the way through, they are further classified as fleshy simple fruits. Fleshy simple fruits are the true berries of the botanical world, and they include, among other things: grapes, tomatoes, persimmons, peppers, and eggplant.
To help organize the riotous fruit salad of botanical science, there are further subsets of berries. Pepos and hesperidium are modified berries , meaning that they have all the characteristics of berries, but also share additional characteristics amongst themselves. Pepo describes the berry structures of fruits such as squash, cucumber, watermelon, and pumpkins; these fruits have edible pericarps and rinds formed from the outer layer of their skin which may or may not be edible.
Hesperidium refers to berries with a leathery skin and sectioned flesh surrounded by pith — think citrus fruits, like grapefruit, oranges, lemons, and kumquats. When is a Berry not a Berry? If it looks like a berry and tastes like a berry, it may nevertheless not be a berry — at least, not botanically speaking.
It could, instead, be one of a number of other types of fruits — including drupes, pomes, aggregate fruits, accessory fruits, andepigynous or false berries. A drupe is a fruit with a juicy pericarp and a hard endocarp which is the inner layer surrounding the seeds. Drupes include stone fruits such as cherries, peaches, olives, and mangoes.
The pome fruits produced by plants in subtribe Pyrinae of family Rosaceae, such as apples and pears, have a structure the core in which tough tissue clearly separates the seeds from the outer softer pericarp. Pomes are not berries. However, some of the smaller pomes are sometimes referred to as berries. Many journos had no idea that bananas are technically both a herb and a fruit , grown on a banana plant not a tree. Avocado portion size There's no denying that avocado is the vegetable of the moment, but you don't need to eat tonnes of the stuff to get your five a day portion.
Just half of this stone fruit counts , and it is so simple to prepare. Thus, some sources describe the fruit of species of the genus Persea , which includes the avocado, as a drupe, others describe avocado fruit as a berry. Additionally, avocados are high in soluble fibre that has been shown to reduce belly fat by suppressing appetite. Although avocados are high in fat and calories, studies suggest that they can help you lose or maintain weight.
Avocado isn't a good source of protein but it's a fantastic source of monounsaturated fats 1. Drupe: Fleshy fruit with hard inner layer endocarp or stone surrounding the seed. One might think that owing to their superficial similarities to stonefruits, avocados might be classified as drupes. For example, while avocados are generally classified as berries, they have a single seed like drupes. The existence of a fleshy endocarp, while tiny and bearing little resemblance to other berries, is the final deciding factor that classifies them as a berry.
Typical drupes include apricots, olives, loquat, peaches, plums, cherries, mangoes, pecans, and amlas Indian gooseberries. Examples of such large drupe clusters include dates, Jubaea chilensis in central Chile and Washingtonia filifera in the Sonoran Desert of North America. At maturity the pericarp is dry and free from the internal seed, except at the placental attachment.
This is the typical fruit of the largest plant family, the sunflower family Compositae or Asteraceae. Examples of this type of fruit include the sunflower Helianthus , buttercup Ranunculus and sycamore Platanus. In the sycamore, the globose fruiting heads are composed of tiny, one-seeded achenes interspersed with hairs some authors refer to these individual fruits as nutlets. Classified as a "glans" by Richard Spjut Classified as a "trymosum" by Richard Spjut Classified as a "diclesium" by Richard Spjut In true nuts, the hard, indehiscent layer surrounding the seed is the entire ovary wall or pericarp.
The outer husk of the walnut contains involucral tissue that is not part of the ovary wall pericarp. According to most botanical references, the outer green layer husk of the walnut is part of the pericarp and the hard shell surrounding the seed is really the endocarp.
Therefore, walnuts and pecans probably fit the dry drupe category rather than a true nut. Other authorities claim that the walnut husk is composed of involucral tissue, perianth and an outer layer of pericarp, but is not totally derived from the pericarp. However, since the walnut husk contains pericarp tissue at least in part , and is not entirely derived from involucral non-pericarp tissue, Wayne's Word considers the walnut to be drupaceous rather than a true, undisputed nut.
Remember that scientific knowledge is constantly being scrutinized and changed, and the exact classification of dubious, borderline fruits such as the walnut are open for review and modification. The walnut is classified as a "pseudodrupe" by Richard Spjut See discussion about walnuts under drupes section A-4 above.
Note: Brazil nuts are seeds produced in a large, woody capsule.
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