The rush of adrenaline stimulates the body and causes an increase in blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate. National Institutes of Health. Drug Topics. More Drug Topics. Quick Links. They react with cholesterol, leading to the build-up of fatty material on artery walls. Their actions lead to heart disease, stroke and blood vessel disease metals — tobacco smoke contains several metals that cause cancer, including arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead and nickel radioactive compounds — tobacco smoke contains radioactive compounds that are known to be carcinogenic.
Effects of smoking on the immune system The effects of tobacco smoke on the immune system include: greater susceptibility to infections such as pneumonia and influenza more severe and longer-lasting illnesses lower levels of protective antioxidants such as vitamin C , in the blood. Effects of smoking on the musculoskeletal system The effects of tobacco smoke on the musculoskeletal system include: tightening of certain muscles reduced bone density.
Effects of smoking on the sexual organs The effects of tobacco smoke on the male body include an increased risk for: lower sperm count higher percentage of deformed sperm genetic damage to sperm impotence, which may be due to the effects of smoking on blood flow and damage to the blood vessels of the penis. The effects of tobacco smoke on the female body include: reduced fertility, menstrual cycle irregularities, or absence of menstruation menopause reached one or two years earlier increased risk of cancer of the cervix greatly increased risk of stroke and heart attack if the person who smokes is aged over 35 years and taking the oral contraceptive pill.
Other effects of smoking on the body Other effects of tobacco smoke on the body include: irritation and inflammation of the stomach and intestines increased risk of painful ulcers along the digestive tract reduced ability to smell and taste premature wrinkling of the skin higher risk of blindness gum disease periodontitis.
Effects of smoking on babies The effects of maternal smoking on an unborn baby include: increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth and premature birth weaker lungs low birth weight, which may have a lasting effect of the growth and development of children. Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes in adulthood increased risk of cleft palate and cleft lip increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD.
Diseases caused by long-term smoking A person who smokes throughout their life is at high risk of developing a range of potentially lethal diseases, including: cancer of the lung, mouth, nose, larynx, tongue, nasal sinus, oesophagus, throat, pancreas, bone marrow myeloid leukaemia , kidney, cervix, ovary, ureter, liver, bladder, bowel and stomach lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which includes obstructive bronchiolitis and emphysema heart disease and stroke ulcers of the digestive system osteoporosis and hip fracture poor blood circulation in feet and hands, which can lead to pain and, in severe cases, gangrene and amputation type 2 diabetes rheumatoid arthritis.
Winstanley M, et al. A review of human carcinogens. Give feedback about this page. Was this page helpful? Yes No. View all healthy living. Related information. A warning to consumers about the serious health risks relating to e-cigarette liquid — Therapeutic Goods Administration, Department of Health, Australian Government. Department of Health and Human Services has established a national toll-free quitline, QUIT-NOW, to serve as an access point for anyone seeking information and help in quitting smoking.
On May 5, , the FDA announced that nationwide tobacco regulations now extend to all tobacco products, including. This ruling includes restricting sale of these products to minors. In December , the federal government raised the legal minimum age of sale of tobacco products from 18 to 21 years, and in January , the FDA issued a policy on the sale of flavored vaping cartridges.
Behavioral treatments use a variety of methods to help people quit smoking, ranging from self-help materials to counseling. These treatments teach people to recognize high-risk situations and develop strategies to deal with them. For example, people who hang out with others who smoke are more likely to smoke and less likely to quit. Nicotine replacement therapies NRTs were the first medications the U.
NRTs deliver a controlled dose of nicotine to relieve withdrawal symptoms while the person tries to quit. They target nicotine receptors in the brain, easing withdrawal symptoms and blocking the effects of nicotine if people start smoking again. Nicotine is poisonous and, though uncommon, overdose is possible. An overdose occurs when the person uses too much of a drug and has a toxic reaction that results in serious, harmful symptoms or death.
Nicotine poisoning usually occurs in young children who accidentally chew on nicotine gum or patches used to quit smoking or swallow e-cigarette liquid. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, vomiting, fainting, headache, weakness, and increased or decreased heart rate. Anyone concerned that a child or adult might be experiencing a nicotine overdose should seek immediate medical help.
The Food and Drug Administration has alerted the public to hundreds of reports of serious lung illnesses associated with vaping, including several deaths. Many of the suspect products tested by the states or federal health officials have been identified as vaping products containing THC, the main psychotropic ingredient in marijuana.
Some of the patients reported a mixture of THC and nicotine; and some reported vaping nicotine alone. No one substance has been identified in all of the samples tested, and it is unclear if the illnesses are related to one single compound.
Until more details are known, FDA officials have warned people not to use any vaping products bought on the street, and they warn against modifying any products purchased in stores. They are also asking people and health professionals to report any adverse effects. The CDC has posted an information page for consumers. This publication is available for your use and may be reproduced in its entirety without permission from NIDA.
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